{"id":4358,"date":"2021-07-30T14:00:05","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T12:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swlex.pl\/?page_id=4358"},"modified":"2021-08-18T13:31:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T11:31:00","slug":"contracts-form","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/swlex.pl\/en\/startup\/contracts-form\/","title":{"rendered":"Contracts form"},"content":{"rendered":"
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< HOW TO SET UP A STARTUP IN POLAND<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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General principle of contracts in Poland is that, if legal rules do not require a specific form for contract, it can be done in any way - even by email or orally. <\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Freedom of form <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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General principle of contracts in Poland is that if legal rules do not require a specific form for contract (or other act in law such as termination of a contract), it can be done in any way.<\/p>

It means that you can do so orally, by email or even by every conduct that shows that you are interested in making an agreement.<\/p>

A requirement of certain form may derive from a statute but can be established by parties in a contract. The parties are also free to determine the consequences if a form agreed by them is not met.<\/p>

General rules of form can be found in the civil code.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Types of form <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Polish law enlists several specific forms that are required to make certain types of contracts (like selling a real estate, purchasing shares in limited liability company or transferring copyright). The most important are:<\/p>

  • Written form<\/strong> \u2013 to make agreement in this manner you must sign the document with your statement. A document substance does not have to be written by hand it can be printed or scanned. The only element that must be hand-written is a signature. The hand-written signature may be replaced by a certificated electronic signature (in Polish: kwalifikowany podpis elektroniczny). It is called an electronic form.<\/li>
  • Documental form<\/strong> \u2013 a statement is made in the form of document that on any data carrier (for instance email, sms, audio or video recording) if only makes identifying a person that declares possible.<\/li>
  • Notarised signature<\/strong> \u2013 a from in which parties\u2019 signatures are made between a notary public (in Polish: notariusz) an official responsible for preparing certain types of documents and ensuring that they comply with law. To make a contract in this form you must visit a notarial office and pay a fee.<\/li>
  • Notarial deed<\/strong> \u2013 a form in which an entire document is created by a notary public. To make a notarial deed you must visit a notarial office and pay a fee.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    What is important, the more \u201csevere\u201d legal form can always supersede the less meaningful. In consequence if a statute requires written form, you can achieve the same result by notarised signature or notarial deed. If a notarised signature is needed, you can also make a contract in a notarial deed form.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Consequences of lack of form <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Lack of correct form may lead to negative legal consequences. The Polish legal system provides three types of them:<\/p>

    • Evidential consequence<\/strong> \u2013 you cannot use a proof from witnesses or parties\u2019 explanation for the fact of making a contract (with certain exceptions). This is the basic consequence if a written, electronic or documental form is required (if a statute or contract do not provide other consequences).<\/li>
    • Specific legal effects<\/strong> \u2013 the consequences of lack of form are determined in a statute or a contract.<\/li>
    • Pain of nullity<\/strong> \u2013 a contract does not bring legal effects. There is a rule that if a statute or contract require a specific form (other than a written, electronic or documental form), lack of this form will make a contract null and void.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      < HOW TO SET UP A STARTUP IN POLAND General principle of contracts in Poland is that, if legal rules do not require a specific form for contract, it can be done in any way – even by email or orally. 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